-常问问题-

正畸牙套治疗可以因各种原因进行。这些原因包括: 外观和美学 改善咬合和咀嚼 改善牙齿表面的清洁 防止进一步的正畸和牙科并发症 ​ 当牙齿变直，下巴对齐时，你的笑容会改善，你会对自己的外表感觉良好。这样会提高你的自尊心和自信心。 ​ 除了美观的原因，正畸牙套治疗也是出于实用的原因。弯曲和拥挤的牙齿很难清洁，如果不进行治疗，可能会出现牙齿并发症和正畸问题，例如: 牙齿的异常磨损 蛀牙 牙龈疾病 牙齿脱落 低效咀嚼功能 对牙龈组织和骨骼结构的过度压力 ​ 总的来说，直齿和良好排列的下颌的好处是: 美丽的微笑 更容易维护口腔和牙齿健康 高效咀嚼 适当的咬合可以减少周围骨骼和组织结构的压力和张力 ​ 几乎每个有咬合不正和正畸问题的人都会受益于正确执行的正畸治疗。如果牙齿和支持组织是健康的，通常没有禁忌症会阻止病人进行正畸。

“咬合不正”是牙科和正牙专业人员使用的技术术语，指的是弯曲、拥挤、错位或突出的牙齿，它们不能正确地配合在一起。该术语的意思是“咬合不良”,其中“咬合不良”对应于“咬合不良”,而“咬合”指的是当颌闭合时牙齿之间的关系。因此，矫正咬合不正不仅涉及确保牙齿的对齐和排列，还涉及牙齿和颌之间的正确关系。 咬合不正可以分为几类，例如开咬、过度咬合、咬合不足、反咬合、过度咬合、中线错位、旋转和拥挤/间隔问题。 咬合不正会影响一个人的言语、外貌和进食能力。

正确的咬合具有正确的牙齿排列、上下牙齿之间的良好配合或良好的咬合以及牙齿和下颚之间的良好关系。理想情况下，上牙会稍微套在下牙上，臼齿的凹槽应该贴合在一起。 咬合不正通常是遗传的和遗传的。上颚和下颚的尺寸以及下颚和牙齿的尺寸之间的差异会代代相传。这导致了一系列的正畸问题，例如牙齿过度拥挤、牙齿之间的间隙过大、多余或缺失的牙齿、下巴和面部的不规则以及异常的咬合模式。此外，唇腭裂等先天缺陷也可能导致咬合不正。 除了遗传性病因，咬合不正也可能是后天获得的。这包括: 童年时的不良习惯，如吮吸拇指和吐舌头， 不正确的童年习惯，如3岁以上使用安抚奶嘴和长时间使用奶瓶 牙齿不规则，如多余的牙齿、缺失的牙齿、阻生牙或形状异常的牙齿 牙齿状况，如骨折导致的颌骨错位、口腔和颌骨肿瘤 不合适的牙科器械，如补牙材料、牙冠、固定器或牙套 ​ 咬合不正应及时治疗，因为正畸问题会随着时间的推移而恶化。由于弯曲和拥挤的牙齿难以清洁和维护，可能会出现蛀牙、牙龈疾病和牙齿脱落。此外，严重的咬合会磨损牙齿表面，造成咀嚼困难，并对骨骼和牙龈造成过度压力。

Patients may suffer from a number of Orthodontic disorders, which can work against the general aesthetic and appearance of the patient. The following is a list of common Orthodontic problems: ​ Underbite - Underbite is a misalignment of teeth that occurs when the lower jaw outgrows the upper jaw. This results in the bottom teeth sitting in front of the top teeth and the lower jaw protruding up and beyond the upper jaw. When a patient with underbite closes his/her mouth, the lower teeth and jaw will have an abnormally pronounced appearance. Underbites vary in severity, ranging from an unnoticeable underbite in mild cases to severe underbites that greatly distort facial features and damage a patient's self esteem. Although underbites affect 5-10% of the population, patients with such a disorder may find professional and personal interactions uncomfortable and embarrassing. This makes Orthodontic treatment all the more necessary to improve the patient's quality of life. ​ Overbite - Overbite is a type of malocclusion in which the upper teeth excessively cover the lower teeth. Overbites are usually hereditary but can also be cause by the jaw not forming properly. Bad habits in childhood such as thumb-sucking or prolonged bottle feeding/pacifier use may aggravate this condition. It is essential to correct an overbite as an overbite, when left untreated, may cause dental complications such as gum damage/recession arising from the contact between the teeth and the opposing gum line, difficulty speaking and chewing as the patient may need to overcompensate to articulate certain words, tooth wear and damage resulting from the lower teeth biting into the roof the mouth, sleep apnea especially if the overbite is due to the lower jaw being set back and jaw pain arising from temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJ/TMD). ​ Overjet - Overjet differs from overbite as it deals with the horizontal extent of overlap rather than the vertical extent of overlap between the upper teeth and the lower teeth. Overjet happens when the top front teeth protrude over the bottom teeth towards the lip and is otherwise known as "buck teeth". Overjet is commonly due to a lower jaw which is underdeveloped compared to the upper jaw. Having such a condition is challenging for patients as they experience embarrassment and self-consciousness and would often try to hide their teeth when they smile. An overjet protrusion can increase the risk of damage to the upper teeth in an accident and can cause chewing issues and uneven wear and tear of the teeth. Braces can fix and treat an overjet by guiding the teeth back into the correct alignment and position. ​ Crowding - Crowding occurs when the teeth do not have enough space to grow in the mouth. Without much space to erupt, the teeth can become crowded and crooked as well as twisted and displaced. Crowding arises from an imbalance in the tooth to jaw size relationship or when the teeth are larger than the available space. Crowding can also be caused by early or late loss of primary teeth or improper eruption of teeth. Orthodontic treatment would help to resolve this issue by expanding the jaw so that there is enough room for the teeth to sit comfortably. If left untreated, crowding may result in a host of dental complications such as obstruction to proper cleaning of tooth surfaces, higher risk of dental decay, increased chances of gum disease, impairment of proper teeth function and a less attractive smile. Orthodontic treatment to resolve crowding issues involves creation of extra space in the mouth by expansion of arches or extraction of teeth. After creating space, braces are implemented to help hold the teeth in the correct position and preserve teeth alignment. ​ Spacing - Spacing, the opposite of crowding, occurs when there are gaps between the teeth, creating an unsightly appearance. This generally occurs when the teeth are smaller than the available space. Spacing issues can also be attributed to missing teeth, impacted teeth, protrusive teeth, a wide dental arch or abnormal tissue attachments to the gums. Spacing issues should be corrected as it can result in gum problems due to lack of protection, impairment of proper function of teeth and a less attractive smile. Spacing issues can be corrected by moving the teeth together and achieving proper alignment within the arch. ​ Crossbite - Crossbite is an abnormal alignment of teeth which comes in two types, an anterior crossbite and a posterior crossbite. An anterior crossbite refers to the front of the teeth and happens when the front top teeth close behind the front bottom teeth. A posterior crossbite refers to the back of the teeth and happens when the top molars touch the inner cusps of the bottom molars rather than the outer cusps of the bottom molars. A posterior crossbite can happen on one side of the teeth (unilateral) or both sides of the teeth (bilateral). Crossbites are often hereditary, however they can be aggravated by other factors. For example, if there are a delayed loss of baby teeth, the adult teeth may come in behind them resulting in a crossbite. Crossbites may cause dental complications such as TMJ/TMD, lock jaw as well as shoulder and neck pain. The excessive pressure on the jaw may cause wear and tear of teeth, loose teeth, gum recession and facial asymmetry. ​ Openbite - In an openbite, the upper and lower teeth do not make contact when the back teeth are clenched and the jaw is closed. This creates a gap between the teeth which is highly pronounced. An open bite causes difficulty with speaking and may result in speech impediments such as a lisp. Openbites are due to three main causes. First, the gap can be caused by problems in the jawbone. Second, for some children, the space develops when they have a mix of permanent and baby teeth. The teeth are not in alignment until the baby teeth fall off and are replaced by the full set of adult teeth. Third, bad habits can result in the formation of the gap. Tongue thrusting, which happens when a person pushes the tongue through the teeth while swallowing or speaking contributes to an open bite. This habit is common in childhood and children who do not outgrow it develop problems with their bite and speech. Thumb sucking and chewing on foreign objects play a part in the development of an openbite. This habit tends to cause problems when it persists even after the onset of adult teeth. Open bite is a more challenging form of malocclusion to treat compared to other types of misaligned teeth according to a study by the American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. However, sometimes, the openbite will resolve when adult teeth erupt and replace the baby teeth. If an openbite is left untreated, there are several repercussions. First, an openbite may affect a patient's self esteem and self confidence as the patient becomes self conscious of the gap during personal and professional encounters. Second, a lisp may develop which reduce the clarity of speech and causes people to have difficulty perceiving what the patient has said. Third, an openbite results in an unstable bite which causes problems during chewing and eating as food and drinks can seep out of the mouth if the tongue is not used to plug the gap. However, this remedy is only temporary and would aggravate the condition even further. Fourth, the posterior teeth experience a higher degree of wear and tear due to constant friction and the greater pressure placed on the rear teeth. ​ Impacted canines - Canines are the corner teeth and are often known as "fangs" or "eye" teeth. Canines can become impacted by not growing into the mouth but staying buried in the jaw bone under the gum. Canine teeth in the top jaw are more commonly impacted in the roof of the mouth. Impacted canines affect up to 3% of the population and 85% of these cases are under the gum in the roof the mouth. If impacted canines are left untreated, the buried tooth could damage the roots of the front teeth or a cyst may grow around the buried canine. ​ Abnormal eruption - Abnormal tooth eruption is caused by genetics and may result in malocclusion. Having an abnormal tooth eruption would compromise the functionality of bite and disrupt the alignment and harmony of the teeth. Correcting this condition would greatly enhance a person's aesthetic and appearance.

公众很难确定是否需要正畸治疗和干预，因为尽管门牙看起来很直，但正畸问题仍然存在。对于未经训练的人来说，评估正确的咬合和正确的功能可能不是那么简单。虽然询问普通牙医可以对患者的牙齿状况有所了解，但最好的资源是经过培训和认证的正畸医生。训练有素的正畸医生能够进行全面的初步评估，并通过个性化的咨询和稳健的治疗计划进行随访，以纠正现有的正畸问题，并在当前问题未得到治疗的情况下减轻未来的并发症。

根据美国牙齿矫正协会的说法，儿童应该在7岁前接受牙齿矫正医生的评估。不晚于7岁进行早期正畸筛查将有助于正畸医生评估和评价存在的正畸问题，并制定全面的治疗计划，以在正畸问题恶化之前阻止它们，如果不治疗的话。正牙医生接受过训练，可以在乳牙还在的时候发现下颌发育和新生牙齿的细微问题。虽然检查可能会发现正常的咬合，但其他可能的结果可能包括识别出正在发育中的牙齿，以及正畸医生的建议，即监测该状况，直到将来进行治疗的适当时间，或者从早期治疗和立即干预中受益的问题。早期治疗和干预有很多好处，例如防止严重问题的发生，减少治疗时间和以后的并发症。有时，一个正畸医生能够达到的结果是更困难的，当面部和颌骨已经完成生长。总之，早期治疗为正牙医师提供了指导颌骨生长、降低对突出的前牙的创伤风险、纠正和拦截有害的口腔习惯、改善美学外观、将恒牙引导到更好的位置以及改善嘴唇接触的方式的机会。通过追求早期正畸评估和评价，给孩子提供了获得健康牙齿、最佳咬合和美丽微笑的最佳机会。